On July 1, 2019 the FCA imposed a fine of €250,000 on the high-end bicycle manufacturer Bikeurope B.V. and its mother company, Trek Bicycle Corporation, for having imposed and monitored an online sales’ ban on its distributors from 2007 to 2014.[1]
The Commission Opens an Investigation Into Broadcom and Seeks To Impose Interim Measures for the First Time in 18 Years
On June 26, 2019, the Commission opened a formal investigation into whether Broadcom’s contractual requirements, IP practices, and technological developments relating to TV and modem chipsets infringed Article 102 TFEU.
The Online Platform Regulation: Codifying Disclosure Obligations for Online Intermediation Services and Search Engines
On June 14, 2019, the European Council adopted the “Regulation on promoting fairness and transparency for business users of online intermediation services” (the “Regulation”).[1] The Regulation seeks to address a range of issues in online search and intermediation platform-to-business relationships. It is the first piece of EU legislation to do so.
Complaint Against booking.com and Expedia Brings Hotel Parity Clauses to the Commission’s Docket
On June 11, 2019, Nustay, a Danish online booking agency, filed a complaint with the Commission against Expedia and Booking.com, alleging a breach of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU. The complaint centers on parity clauses in online hotel booking. In 2015, both Expedia and Booking.com agreed with the Danish Competition Authority to remove wide price-parity clauses from their contracts with hotels.[1] Nustay alleges that these two companies have de facto re-introduced these clauses through certain commercial practices.
DCA Finds Narrow MFN Clauses Compatible With Competition Law
On June 4, 2019, the Düsseldorf Court of Appeals (“DCA”) annulled the FCO’s 2015 decision prohibiting hotel booking platform operator Booking Holdings (“Booking.com”) from using narrow most favored nation (“MFN”) clauses.[1] The DCA’s decision aligns the German position with that of other European national competition authorities (“NCAs”). However, new causes of divergence—stemming from legislative interventions—are already emerging.
Travel Agents File Complaint Against Airline Trade Association
On May 24, 2019, the European Travel Agents’ and Tour Operators’ Associations (“ECTAA”) filed a complaint with the Commission against airline trade association IATA for alleged breaches of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU.
The TAR Lazio Quashes Two Infringement Decisions by the ICA Regarding an Alleged Parallel Network of Anticompetitive Vertical Agreements Between Radio Taxi Companies and Drivers Active in Rome and Milan
The Commission Accepts Visa and Mastercard Commitments That End Decade-long Antitrust Row About Multi-lateral Interchange Fees
Following the Commission’s market test of Visa’s and Mastercard’s commitments offered on April 29, 2019, as reported in our December 2018 newsletter, the Commission accepted the companies’ commitments to cap their inter-regional multi-lateral interchange fees (“MIFs”).[1] The commitments put an end to the first publically reported probe into inter-regional MIFs by any antitrust authority worldwide, which was opened by the Commission in 2013.
Nike: The Commission Continues Fight Against Territorial and Online Sales Restrictions in Licensing and Distribution Agreements
Background
On March 25, 2019, the Commission fined Nike €12.5 million for breaching Article 101 TFEU by imposing restrictions on cross-border and online sales of football merchandising products within the EEA.[1] The Commission granted Nike a 40% fine reduction in return for its cooperation.
The Commission Fines Google €1.49 Billion for Breaching EU Antitrust Rules in the Google AdSense Investigation
On March 20, 2019, the Commission fined Google €1.49 billion for breaching Article 102 TFEU by imposing restrictive clauses in contracts with owners of third-party publisher websites, such as newspapers, blogs, or travel site aggregators.