On June 4, 2021, the Commission[1] and the UK Competition and Markets Authority (“CMA”)[2] announced parallel investigations concerning Facebook Marketplace. The Commission will investigate at least two potential theories of harm: (i) the potential misuse of data gathered by Facebook, in particular from advertisers, in order to compete with them in other markets where Facebook is active (e.g., in classified ads with Facebook Marketplace); and (ii) the potential tying of Marketplace to Facebook’s social network. Although formally independent, the CMA’s investigation will focus on similar concerns[3] and both authorities announced they would collaborate closely.[4]
The Optical Disk Drive Cartels (AG Pitruzzella): Violation of Defense Rights to No Avail for Fine Reduction
On June 3, 2021, Advocate General Pitruzzella delivered an Opinion in the Optical Disk Drives case, finding that the Commission breached the appellants’ rights of defense, but that the fines imposed should nevertheless stand.[1]
The Commission Re-adopts and Amends the YIRD Cartels Decision Against ICAP, Halving the Total Fine
On July 10, 2019, the Court of Justice upheld the General Court’s partial annulment of the Commission’s 2015 decision to fine ICAP c. €15 million for facilitating a cartel in the Yen Interest Rate Derivatives (“YIRD”) market between 2007 and 2010.[1]
Update on the Commission’s Anti-cartels Enforcement
On May 20, 2021, the Commission issued a decision fining several banks for participation in an alleged cartel in European government bonds (“EGB”) trading.[1] The Commission decision found that seven investment banks (Bank of America, Natixis, Nomura, UBS, UniCredit, RBS, and WestLB (now called Portigon)) participated in an alleged collusive scheme aimed at distorting competition in purchasing and trading EGBs.[2] EGBs are financial instruments issued on the primary market for the purposes of raising debt capital by the governments of the Eurozone Member States. Once bought by “primary dealers” in primary market auctions, EGBs are traded on the secondary market among investors and financial institutions.
The European Commission Proposes a Far-Reaching Regulation to Tackle Foreign Subsidies
On May 5, 2021, the European Commission proposed a new draft regulation that, if adopted, would introduce sweeping measures aimed at controlling the impact of foreign subsidies on the EU single market. The Proposed Regulation reflects the EU’s policy priority to pursue an “open strategic autonomy” and fits into the EU Industrial Strategy, updated on the same date.
The General Court Rules on Two Commission State Aid “Tax Ruling” Decisions: Annuls in Amazon, Upholds in Engie
On May 12, 2021, the General Court handed down two judgments on the Commission’s review under EU State aid rules of tax rulings in which the Luxembourg tax authorities had clarified in advance how national taxation provisions will apply to specific companies.
Generics (UK) Limited and Others v Competition and Markets Authority
On 10 May 2021, the CAT issued a supplementary judgment in the appeals against a decision of the CMA of 12 February 2016. This followed the CAT’s previous judgment of 8 March 2018, by which certain questions were referred to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The CJEU issued its ruling on these questions on 30 January 2020.
The Commission Proposes a Draft Regulation to Tackle Potential Distortions Caused by Foreign Subsidies
Background
On May 5, 2021, the Commission proposed a draft regulation to tackle potential distortions in the internal market caused by foreign subsidies (“Draft Regulation”).[1]
The Commission Fines Sigma-aldrich €7.5 Million for Providing Incorrect Information During Merger Review
On May 3, 2021, the European Commission fined life science company Sigma-Aldrich € 7.5 million for providing incorrect or misleading information during the Commission’s 2015 review of Merck’s acquisition of the company. The fine marks another step in an increasingly stringent approach to enforcing the procedural rules that apply during the Commission’s merger control process.[1]